Bibliotheca is a catalogue of all the books that Puteanus owned. He started Bibliotheca after his move to the castle of Keizerberg around 1614, where he installed a private library under the name Ars Palladisi or 'Castle of Wisdom'. Bibliotheca provides a thematically complilled list of Puteanus' collection, which includes treatises on linguistics and philosophy, oratorial documents, letters, titles that were to be remover from the collection, and future or expected titles. Almost all the works listed in the Bibliotheca are in Latin.
The copy of Bibliotheca owned by Special Collections distinguishes itself from the other remaining copy in the Houghton Library of Harvard University by the corrections to the text that were possibly added by Puteanus himself.